Trans Pacific ("Puddle-Jump")

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(Climate & Weather Information)
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Gales and other assorted weather nasties can be found in the region of the convergence zones -- the ITCZ and the SPCZ.
Gales and other assorted weather nasties can be found in the region of the convergence zones -- the ITCZ and the SPCZ.
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Much of the South Pacific is subject to cyclones during the "cyclone season", running from 1st November to 30th April each year (depending on location).  It's important to note that cyclones do not own calendars, and significant (even named) tropical storms can happen outside of this time period.
+
Much of the South Pacific is subject to cyclones during the "cyclone season", running from 1st November to 30th April each year (depending on location).  It's important to note that '''cyclones do not own calendars''', and significant (even named) tropical storms can happen outside of this time period.
Sources of weather information for the Pacific.
Sources of weather information for the Pacific.
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===Weather Windows===
===Weather Windows===
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The recommended period for passages from Mexican ports to the Marquesas is from the middle of March through to the end of April. During this time, the ITCZ normally lies between about 03N and 07N.
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The South Pacific is very large, and has a cyclone season (at least in the western parts) that runs from November to April.  So the cruising season for this passage is from April to the end of October.
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In order to restrict yourself to the cruising season, the following timings should be taken into consideration (if not adhered to rigidly):
 +
 +
* The recommended period for passages from Mexican ports to the [[Marquesas]] is from the middle of March through to the end of April. During this time, the ITCZ normally lies between about 03N and 07N.
 +
* If you are going to join the passage from [[Hawaii]] then it needs to be done no later than June or July.  Attempting to leave Hawaii later than July is going to mean insufficient weather windows to make the journey across the South Pacific by the end of the cruising season unless it's done at a good pace (or perhaps non-stop).
 +
* June and July are good months to be in [[French Polynesia]] and the [[Cook Islands]], or perhaps [[Niue]].
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* August and September should be spent further west, in [[Samoa]], [[Fiji]], [[Tonga]] or [[Vanuatu]].
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* Departure needs to be considered from places such as [[Fiji]], [[Tonga]], [[Vanuatu]] or [[New Caledonia]] by mid to late October.
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There are no cyclone safe facilities in the smaller island nations such as the [[Cook Islands]], [[Samoa]], [[Niue]], etc.  Most of these nations require cruising yachts to depart before 1st November as they will not accept responsibility for damage caused during the cyclone season (either to or by the yachts).
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At the end of the cruising season, your options are:
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* Sailing south or south-west to [[New Zealand]] or [[Australia]], which can be done from the southern ends of [[Tonga]] or [[Fiji]]
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* Sailing north, to the [[Marshall Islands]] or perhaps western parts of the [[Solomon Islands]] that are outside the cyclone belt.
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* Getting a haul out or entering a cyclone safe facility -- these are available in certain places in [[Fiji]], [[Vanuatu]] and [[New Caledonia]].
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* Continuing the route through the [[Solomon Islands]], across the northern part of [[Papua New Guinea]] and into [[Indonesia]], exiting the cyclone zone before November.  Note that the southern route, across the top of Australia and through the [[Torres Strait]] perhaps to [[Darwin]] is not cyclone safe.
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Although there are local cruisers who may spend time cruising the Western South Pacific waters during the cyclone season, it's done with significant local knowledge, attention to weather forecasts, and access to bolt-holes that may not be available to the visiting cruising sailor.
==Radio Nets==
==Radio Nets==

Revision as of 08:16, 12 October 2014

The sailing passage from the Americas to Australasia (trans Pacific), affectionately known the Pacific Puddle Jump or Coconut Milk Run refers to the annual cruising route taken by many cruising sailors from the West Coast of the Americas (USA, Mexico, Panama, etc) through the South Pacific.

Typically passage planning would start in November or December, with a planned departure some time between January and March each year. This would be timed to arrive in the Society Islands after the start of the cruising season (after the end of the cyclone season which runs from November to April), and then continue westwards through the South Pacific until a cyclone safe port is reached before the following November.

Arriving in the cyclone zone after the end of the cyclone season and departing (or hauling out) before the next one commences is the primary motivation behind passage planning on this route. Many countries (for example the Cook Islands and Tonga) along the route do not have cyclone safe anchorages or harbours, and some prohibit the entry or stay of cruising yachts during the cyclone season.

Trans-Pacific
East to West
Click for larger view
The Pacific is the largest of the oceans of the world.

Departure Points

To complete the full puddle jump, the possible departure points include:

Alternative departure points which are suitable for a more southerly route include ports in South America.

A final alternative departure point, which allows for one or more routes across the South Pacific to meet the puddle jump part way along the route, for example in French Polynesia is New Zealand. It's possible to take a route through the westerlies found at around or below 40 S and then head northwards to a point such as Raivavae, Rarotonga or Papeete.

Route

The traditional route is commonly called "The Milk Run" by cruisers and roughly follows the route below (but not necessarily). The cruising passage can take anything from 4 months to many years, depending on how many stops you wish to make and how long those "stops" are for.

See also the reverse of this passage, the Trans-Pacific Passage - West to East. Because of the prevailing winds, the reverse passage will have different stopping points and usually a different route entirely.

Crossing the ITCZ

Charts

Land Information NZ
NZ 1405 -- North Pacific Ocean, South Eastern Part.
NZ 1406 -- South Pacific Ocean, Western Portion.

See also the larger scale LINZ charts which cover much of the South Pacific.

Note that many other chart sources are available, both electronic and paper.

  • US published charts covering much of the sea area of this route are available from NOAA, Office of Coast Survey.
  • Admiralty charts are available from many chart retailers, and an on line catalogue can be found at Admiralty Leisure
  • For electronic charts compatible with OpenCPN see the OpenCPN chart sources page.

Climate & Weather Information

Generally speaking, the trade winds run in a band from 5S to about 25S, although this band can be smaller or larger from year to year. The typical trade wind is a 15 knot wind from the ESE, although days of 30+ knots are not uncommon. Winds swinging around to the north, north west, or west are also not uncommon, but these usually only last for a day or so.

Gales and other assorted weather nasties can be found in the region of the convergence zones -- the ITCZ and the SPCZ.

Much of the South Pacific is subject to cyclones during the "cyclone season", running from 1st November to 30th April each year (depending on location). It's important to note that cyclones do not own calendars, and significant (even named) tropical storms can happen outside of this time period.

Sources of weather information for the Pacific.

See Weather.

Weather Windows

The South Pacific is very large, and has a cyclone season (at least in the western parts) that runs from November to April. So the cruising season for this passage is from April to the end of October.

In order to restrict yourself to the cruising season, the following timings should be taken into consideration (if not adhered to rigidly):

  • The recommended period for passages from Mexican ports to the Marquesas is from the middle of March through to the end of April. During this time, the ITCZ normally lies between about 03N and 07N.
  • If you are going to join the passage from Hawaii then it needs to be done no later than June or July. Attempting to leave Hawaii later than July is going to mean insufficient weather windows to make the journey across the South Pacific by the end of the cruising season unless it's done at a good pace (or perhaps non-stop).
  • June and July are good months to be in French Polynesia and the Cook Islands, or perhaps Niue.
  • August and September should be spent further west, in Samoa, Fiji, Tonga or Vanuatu.
  • Departure needs to be considered from places such as Fiji, Tonga, Vanuatu or New Caledonia by mid to late October.

There are no cyclone safe facilities in the smaller island nations such as the Cook Islands, Samoa, Niue, etc. Most of these nations require cruising yachts to depart before 1st November as they will not accept responsibility for damage caused during the cyclone season (either to or by the yachts).

At the end of the cruising season, your options are:

Although there are local cruisers who may spend time cruising the Western South Pacific waters during the cyclone season, it's done with significant local knowledge, attention to weather forecasts, and access to bolt-holes that may not be available to the visiting cruising sailor.

Radio Nets

See World Cruiser's Nets for nets covering the Pacific Ocean, including the South Pacific.


Provisioning Points

Most of the cruising guides, blogs and other publications about this passage will mention that many boats over provision at the start of the route, underestimating the quantity of supplies that can be picked up along the way. Notable provisioning stops along the route include:

  • Papeete, in French Polynesia. Arriving here is a bit of a culture shock after many days at sea and in the outer islands -- all of the commodities of a small European city are available here, if the prices are somewhat inflated. There are a number of supermarkets which carry imported produce, fresh and canned goods, eggs, flour and other dry goods, imported French cheeses and wine, etc. Stock up here on eggs specifically because they can be hard to find (and expensive) on the outer islands. Papeete also has a number of yacht chandleries, hardware stores and other supply stores. Fuel and gas can be obtained here, Papeete is generally the best place to buy duty free fuel along the route.
  • Uturoa and Bora Bora in the remaining islands of French Polynesia. Goods here will be generally more expensive than those in Papeete, however fresh produce is somewhat cheaper especially at the markets in Uturoa.
  • Rarotonga, if this is on your route is significantly cheaper than anywhere in French Polynesia. A couple of large supermarkets are present, with a typical range of produce as found in New Zealand and at approximately New Zealand prices. Rarotonga also has a large hardware store although no yacht chandlery. Stock up here on frozen chicken (imported), fish, coconuts, pomelo, and other fresh vegetables from the Saturday markets next to the harbour at Avatiu.
  • Apia, if this is on your route is the next best provisioning stop (before Fiji) other than Rarotonga. Some of the more specialty items that are easy to find in Rarotonga may not be available in Apia, but the prices are generally cheaper in Apia especially for local produce. Whole (and half) pre-roasted breadfruit can be found, which takes the hassle out of roasting it, along with taro, bananas of many different varieties, coconuts, locally grown tomatoes and other vegetables at the various markets around town. The supermarkets carry a slightly smaller range of imported produce than can be found in Rarotonga or Papeete.
  • (to be continued ... Nadi/Suva/Savusavu, Port Vila, Noumea, etc)

References

  • Michael Pocock/Ros Hogbin, The Pacific Crossing Guide, Second Edition, RCC Pilotage Foundation, London, ISBN 0713661828
  • Warwick Clay, South Pacific Anchorages 2nd edition, Imray, ISBN 0852884826
  • Earl R. Hinz, Landfalls of Paradise: Cruising Guide to the Pacific Islands, Latitude 20 Books, ISBN 0824830377
  • Jimmy Cornell, World Cruising Routes: Sixth Edition, Adlard Coles, London, ISBN 007159289X
  • Jimmy Cornell, World Cruising Destinations, Adlard Coles, London, ISBN 0071638245

Forum Discussion Topics

List links to discussion threads on partnering forums. (see link for requirements)

External Links

Personal Experiences

Personal experiences of this passage.


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